Unveiling the Universe: Three Black Holes and a New UFO Taskforce

This is Space Time Series twenty nine, Episode ninety eight will broadcast on the seventeenth of August twenty twenty six. Coming up on space Time, astronomers have for the first time discovered a galaxy near the dawn of creation containing three monster black holes, a new White House Advisory body focusing on UFOs, and was the planet Venus once just like the Earth? All that and more Coming up on space Time. Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Gary. Astronomers have for the first time discovered a galaxy near the dawn of creation containing three monster black holes. The trio of super massive black holes are approximately eight eighty million, two million, and zero point six million times the mass of our Sun. Now by comparison, Sagittarius a star, the super massive black hole at the center of our own galaxy, the Milky Way as about four point three million solar masses. This trio of actively accreting super massive black holes were detected in the galaxy Jay zero one four to eight minus forty two fourteen, located some twelve and a half billion light years away. Now that distance, the expansion of space time itself becomes apparent. The galaxy therefore appears to be moving away from us, causing its light to shift towards longer rid of wavelengths, resulting in a red shift of Z equaling five point zero two. Now, using that red shift, the studies authors were able to calculate the galaxy's enormous distance. It's so far away we're seeing it as it appeared just one point two billion years after the Big Bang, some thirteen point eight billion years ago. The findings, reported in the journal Astronomy in Astrophysics show matter is falling into all three supermassive black holes, forming accretion discs around each of them. The stadi's lead author and Ubler from the Max Planck Institute says it's the first time evidence of three active super massive black holes and a single galaxy has ever been detected. Two of these black holes are located at the galactic center and are separated by about six hundred and twenty light years from each other. The third is near the outer reaches of the galaxy, at a distance of five thy five hundred light years from the galactic core. Based on our observations, theories of galaxy evolution suggest that early in the history of the universe, galaxies were a lot closer together, and therefore it was much easier for them to collide and merge. In that process, their central super massive black holes. Almost all galaxies have one also merged, giving rise to even more massive black holes the centers of the merged galaxies. Uber and colleagues identified these three black holes through their spectral signature. Looking at hydrogen atoms moving on a higher velocity in the gravitational potential of each of the black holes in the central region, the spectrum exhibits a complex structure best to explained by two black holes in close proximity. To disentangle the two central sources, the authors applied spectro astrometry, a technique that precisely measures spatial shifts in line emissions across the galaxy. That made it possible to determine the positions of the black holes, even though they couldn't be specially resolved as separate point sources, and the third black hole, well, it was easily detected at the outer regions of the galaxy. The most massive of the black holes in this screw, approximately eighty million solar masses, is accreting at a lower rate in its nearby companion, which is just zero point six million solar masses in size, which is actively feeding and even exceeding the maximum accretion rate predicted by the Eddington limit. That's the basic equation governing the rate of black hole growth based on the amount of material that can be absorbed in any given period of time. The observations by the web Space telescope allowed the astronomers to not only identify the three black holes, but also estimate their masses, their accretion rates, and the stellar mass of the galaxy as a whole, showing that Jay zero one four eight minus forty two to fourteen has about one point three billion solar masses, with the three black holes representing a significant fraction of that turtle. The authors think the central black hole pair are expected to merge sometime within the next few hundred million years. As for that third black hole, the one located off nucleus, well, it's other the remnant of a previous merger, displaced from the center by a gravitational recall kick, or it's still migrating inwards towards the center. Any time will tell. This is space time still to come. A new White House Advisory body looking at UFOs and a new study suggest a planet Venus may once have been just like the Earth. All that and more still to come on space time. The Pentagon has just released its latest batch of X files looking at unexplained phenomena and strange happenings. The release follows the appointment of Harvard University astrophysicist R. V. Lobe as the chair of the new White House Scientific Panel on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena what you and I used to call UFOs. The body was established following a directive by the United States President Donald Trump. This new scientific panel will review reports and evaluate possible national security risks. It will also recommend new senses for data collection and provide a framework aimed at increasing government transparency and declassifying UFO related information. Lob's panel includes scientists and former military officials who will apply strict scientific methodology to investigate unexplained objects and determine whether their advanced technologies from adversarial nations or of possible non human orage. Now that could mean meteorological or geological phenomena, but he could also mean stuff from out of space. Loebe, who's head of Harvard University's Galileo project, says he's optimistic that conspiracy theories about government cover ups will soon be a thing of the past. The move comes as the pedagog at President Trump's request, has been releasing batches of files, including videos of flying objects that appear to fire the convention abilities of human made aircraft. Loebe says there's now a completely different mindset in Washington following President Trump's directive. This team will try to figure out what these weird events really are and remove any suspicion that the government's hiding things. Loeb says the recent developments have represented a shift towards greater government transparency. The new appointment comes as the Pentagon releases its fifth batch of the Classified Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena files. This let US trench includes forty one documents, images, and videos spanning from the nineteen fifties through to twenty twenty six, and they make for some fascinating reading. They include a two thousand and two triangle UFO sighting in Afghanistan and involved two US military pilots who claim to have seen a huge, unlit, equilateral triangular shape flying object some one hundred and fifty meters long, big enough to block out the background stars, and which was moving silently over the Bagram Air Force Space in Afghanistan at around one hundred and fifty knots now. The key here is there are no known aircraft owned by any country that are that big. Then, there was an incident in the Gulf of a Man back in twenty twenty one in which the crew of the Hercules AC one point thirty gun ship, who were engaged in a live fire exercise, suddenly saw two small orbs hovering next to their target. Now, when the gunship crew opened fire on these objects, thinking they may have been new targets, twenty five more orbs suddenly appeared, flying in formation at supersonic speeds up to MAC one point seven and interacting with each other, sort of like dolphins. These objects had no detectable exhaust signatures and flew like an autonomously coordinated drone swarm. Then there was a weird u off hern Carter, which, apparently, if you believed the claimant, caused time dilation, the slowing or speeding up of time due to gravity or velocity. Now, in this event, the witness told the FBI agency was speaking with that he saw two unidentified dash shaped red lights in the evening sky. He then put on a set of night vision goggles and found the lights took on a more circular orb like appearance. He was so fascinated he got out of his vehicle to get a better look and watched them for about twenty minutes before the two orbs disappeared, but they were then replaced by two more orbs to the east of the first two, followed by a third orb which apparently was behind him. So he went back to his vehicle to drive up to the location of the new orbs that he had just seen, but they also disappeared before he got there, and when he checked the time on his watch, he discovered that he had suddenly gained twenty five minutes compaired to the digital clock in his vehicle and on his car cell phone. He claims that he had checked the time the watch earlier that evening and it matched the other two clocks. Because of this, he kept monitoring his watch for the next couple of days, finding that it had neither gained nor lost time since This laterst drop of documents comes just a month after the fourth batch of forty files were released, which included fourteen documents, nineteen videos, four audio files, and three images. They came from a variety of agencies, including the Pentagon, NASA, CIA, the FBI, and the Department of Energy. They included a nineteen ninety six Columbia Space Shuttle image of what appears to be a rotating triangular object in space. There was a twenty twenty five five minute infrared military video tracking an erratic object over the East China Sea, and a report from the US Department of Energy describing an unidentified flying object intruding into restricted airspace over the Pentext Nuclear weapons Facility near Amarillo, Texas. That was in September twenty fifteen and at force the highly classified facil to be placed in lockdown. Following the first release of files back in May, which included the now famous FA eighteen gun camera vision so called TikTok UFOs, additional releases of UFO files were made on May the twenty second and June the twelfth, highlighting sightings and the foreign submarines, objects moving at seemingly impossible speeds, and reports of lots more silent, hovering or black objects. Now for r v LOBE any scientific advisory panel, this latest release is undeadly going to provide a treasure travel of information. Fox Moler would have been proud of. Senior science writer and Sky Telescope Magazine contributed Jonathanali says Lobe's interest in extraterrestrial phenomena dates back many, many years. Let's positive hypothetical, UFOs are aliens visiting us from other planets and doing whatever they're doing here for their own reasons, and they they're real nextigures. That's the positive as a hypothetical. If you've got someone who, for some reason whatever believes that that is the case, then maybe that person is the right person to bring that information to life. If, as I suspect, all the CUFO stuff is nonsense, then having someone who has quite part of zan towards one side of the argument might not be the best idea. You know, being fair, you know, you might have someone who's dead against this whole concept of aliens visiting the Earth, category into which I would probably fall, might not be a good idea to have me there either. We want probably someone who is a bit more agnostic or ambivalent about the whole thing. But in any case, you want someone to just to stick to the fact. The room may be seen Where this gets to, it's interesting the professor Lowe has there was that interstellar asteroid, yeah, which can flak is the Solar System. And he was a talking head on in the media. He's very good at publicity, and he wrote things about it and said things about it, and there was I think I read it. There was some famous essay or article or opinion piece he wrote which heavily if he started to read it, it was to heavily suggest that he was suggesting that it this thing was very likely to be not natural, some sort of artificial object from some other civilization, happy in space. But if you read right to the bottom and got to the final paragraph, he ended up was saying he said something like in it, but more than likely it's just an asteroid. So who knows that? Senior science writer Sky and Telescope magazine contributor Jonathanale. And this is space time still to come, and you study suggested the hellish inhospitable ward of Venus, but once had been far more earth like. And later in the Science Report Western Europe, it's just experienced. It's hot, a student in July on record, and it's still a month of summer Togo. All that and more still to come on space time. A new study suggest that the hellish inhospitable word of Venus could once have been far more earth like. Today, the planet the Venus is the nearest thing to Hell in our Solar System, with surface temperatures of over four hundred and sixty five degrees celsius that's hot enough to melt lead, a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere with pressures ninety three times greater than sea level on Earth, and thick clouds of sulfuric acid twenty five kilometers deep, keeping this hellish world in a perpetual, dull yellow light. But the strange thing is that Venus and Earth Us is the planets. They're both about the same size. They were formed in the same part of the Solar System at the same time, under similar conditions, and from the same material. But while the Earth has a habitable environment capable of supporting life, Venus has evolved into a nightmarish hades with a runaway greenhouse effect. But it may not always have been so. Billions of years ago, our planetary neighbor may have looked far more like the Earth, complete with oceans potentially harbouring life. The clues lie in Venus's weird polygonal planes, which could be pointing to a watery past. A new study reported in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters examines this mysterious network of cracks that cover the planet's surface. Scientists are still debating their origins. Each is between one and two kilometres wide and set into the fractured ground of the planet's low lying planes. Now, these features are thought to have formed as volcanic rock cooled and contracted, but Richard gale from London University thinks they are actually signs of a watery past, possibly even an ocean. Galeen colleagues examine these polygon fields, categorizing them based on their shape and how they're arranged, and they found that the structures look similar to the sorts of cracks that form in sea floor mud here on Earth. These form when thick layers of waterlogged clayer, buried, impacted, and then squeakd dry over time, cracking into polygon shapes as they shrink. Around six million years ago, the Mediterranean Sea almost entirely dried up in an event now known as the Messa and Salinity Crisis, leaving behind thick salt deposits and distinctive cracked terrain as it evaporated, and the authors think the same thing could have happened on Venus. And it doesn't end there. The planet also has other features that could have formed in similar ways, including long, widening channels called kanali, usually assumed to have been carved by flowing lava, by which Galen College suggests are similar to sudden mariene channels here on Earth carved by water on ancient sea floors, and he says wrinkled ridges that interweave across Venus's lowlands could be resting on thick lazers of salt left behind as Venus's oceans evaporated away. Now, if this hypothesis holds true, it raises some serious questions. What must have happened to change this planet so drastically. One clue is the fact that Venus rotates backwards in retrograde compared to most of the other plants in the Solar System. Also, a day on Venus lasts longer than its year. It takes Venus two hundred and forty three earth days to rotate once on its axis, but only two hundred and twenty five earth days to complete an orbit around the Sun, and the most likely cause for both those events will be a massive planetary impact. It's certainly fascinating to speculate over this is space, time and time that to take a brief look at some of the other stories making news in science this week with a science report, Western Europe has just experienced its hottest student July on record, with an average temperature of twenty one point sixty two degrees celsius, beating the twenty twenty two record for the same period. The findings by the European Union's Copernicus Climate Chain service says global warming is fueling an historic summer heat wave and drought, with massive wildfires spreading right across the region. Europe is the world's fastest warming continent, and the first two months of the Northern Hemisphere summer have been marked by successive heat waves, scorching temperatures and burn dry conditions. In fact, the study found levels of soil moisture were significantly lower than in July twenty twenty two, when the last severe drought grip western Europe. These very dry conditions observed in July have been reported right across both Western and Central Europe, including France, Spain, Austria and Hungary, as well as across the United Kingdom, Ireland and even parts of Iceland. Well, if you want to live longer, the good advice is take the stairs. That's the key finding of a new study reported in the American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, which showed that climbing stairs significantly reduces the risk of dying from cardier vascular disease. The authors found that people who usually use the stairs rather than a lift or escalator with thirty nine percent less likely to die from heart related problems and twenty four percent less likely to die from any cause impaired with people who don't climb stairs as often. The study also reveals that people who claim the stairs were less likely to develop major cardiovascular conditions such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure. The findings are based on a review of some one thoy nine hundred studies analyzing data from over four hundred and eighty thousand people ranging from thirty five to eighty four years of age, fifty three percent of participants being female, and an overall average follow up period of fourteen years. The study's population included both healthy participants as well as those with a previous history of heart problems. You may be surprised to hear that scientists still don't know how long most fungi can live, or for that matter, even how to determine their age are report in the journal Trends in Microbiology explored why fungi lifespans are so hard to study, and with a new technologies such as fungi on a chip or long term lab experiments with genetic tracking, could up scientists get to know them better. One challenge identified is that a sprawling network of thread like filaments called mycilium lies underneath the fungi we see, and that these might be able to live for hundreds, even thousands of years. My Cilia continuously branch, grow, and recycle old tissues. Sometimes they break off into new networks, making it hard to define where a fungal individual begins and ends, and that means scientists don't even know what to measure, especially as fungi lack obvious signs of age like the growth rings we see in trees. There are scientists that found that Man's Best Friend's remarkable ability to understand human language is likely a product of birth, nature, and nurture. A report in the journal Jane Usi used MRI technology to stated the brains of one hundred and eight dogs to try and understand how they pro human communication, specially in relation to language. The authors say that when comparing modern dog breeds to dogs from ancient, less modified lineages, they found the modern dogs had different communication related brain pathways, with those relevant for word processing most strongly altered. They then compared the brains of service dogs with dogs of similar breeds who hadn't done any service training, and they found the train dogs had visibly stronger connections and pathways related to interpreting and responding to clues. The authors conclude that extensive selective breeding of dogs has helped shape their brains to better understand humans, and that training dogs further strengthens their ability to communicate and understand us. Well. You probably heard the story alarm bells ringing among many media agencies when it was claimed that eleven senior scientists engaged in top secret military nuclear and space research had suddenly disappeared or died under mysterious circumstances. In fact, journalists concerns all the way to the White House, with reporters demanding that Trump administration look into the issue as a matter of national security. Reporters wanted to know if these rocket scientists had been taken by Russian, Iranian or Chinese secret agents, maybe even abducted by UFOs. Now, while the claim that eleven senior scientists had suddenly gone missing or died under mysterious circumstances might sound alarming, the story quickly disintegrates into nothing more than a beat up worthy of the ABC, CNN, the BBC or the New York Times when you realize that thousands of scientists are actually employed in the fields of nuclear science, astrophysics, aeronautics, and space research. So even if the story was true, which it isn't, by the way, eleven is actually an unusually small proportion of strange disappearances and deaths compared to any other industry. And as the skeptics Tim Mendum points out, most of those eleven people didn't die in the mysterious circumstances, and some of them won't even scientists. And now I've got a list of them here, actually the America. Some of them has one in the seventy eighth throt who died of Alzheimer family. There's a number of them who have seemed to have died from suicide, and some of them quite young, But I mean that's not that unusual when you look at the frequency of suicides in a large population, which is of all the people who are in this group, heart disease, passed away. Some of them not call the death disappeared. They're the ones that get interesting. Disappeared and missing. Some of them who said they've got notes saying that they've had enough and they've given up now obviously under stressed. Drownings. His wife said he know that he was depressed at the time of his death. They've probly drowned himself. Homicide, university shooting, nothing related to UFOI research or anything. Homicide, in the card jacking, someone died in an automobile accident. And the few which you're disappeared, which is sort of interesting, you tend to assue and they've walked off because they've just had enough. And not all of these are associated with UFO alien research. Few in the anti gravityting. One was in surface water and ocean topography imaging spectroscopy engineer. That one was a construction formant, a metallurgist. One was an administrative assistant, a clerk happily working at Los Alamos, which is the link to something interesting whether there are a clerk, you don't think they're in charge of a lot of secret documents, contract property, custodium, some of the chemical biology, plasma physicists, the Celtech astronomy and astrophysicists looking at exo planet. An electrical engineer and retired US Air Force major general. That's what that's the last one that's coming that. That was probably the one that really sparked the interest of the US Air Force general who had been involved in Air Force research. But yeah, the number of people who have disappeared mysteriously is less than they actually quoting. The eleven people they're quoting at the moment, there's probably only half of those, which is sort of full, even less who disappeared without trace, without any understanding, and half the days I've a little left notes saying that we're depressed or whatever. And as you say, added the thousands and thousands of people who work in these industries in whatever role you want from the clerks who have seen your scientists, and this number of people disappearing is not surprising. It's not really even coincidental because they come from a whole lot of different backgrounds. It's just cherry picking people who have disappeared in supposedly bizarre ways that I don't think getting shot on the university grounds or killed in a card is particularly unknown or even for the mysterious it happens. So yeah, I would they say that this is sort of being made a big deal of when there's no big deal there at all if you look at the facts of the actual cases. If someone says eleven senior researchers in UFOI technology, blah blah blah, I have disappeared, not true, basically, and people disappear all the time. That's the skeptics timendum. And this is space Time, and that's the show for now. Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through bites dot com, SoundCloud, YouTube, your favorite podcast download provider, and from space Time with Stuart Gary dot com. Space Time's also broadcast through the National Science Foundation, on Science Own Radio and on both iHeartRadio and tune In Radio. And you can help to support our show by visiting the Spacetime Store for a range of promotional merchandising goodies, or by becoming a Spacetime Patron, which gives you access to triple episode commercial free versions of the show as well as lots of burnus audio content which doesn't go to air, access to our exclusive Facebook group, and other rewards. Just go to space Time with Stewart Gary dot com for full details. 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